Shavuoth
by YahChannah Wolf 

 


Chag HaShavuoth 

Vayikra (Leviticus) 23:9-21

(9) And YHWH spoke to Moshe saying:

(10) Speak to the children of Israel and say to them: When you have come into the land which I give to you, and shall reap the harvest thereof, then you shall bring the sheaf of the first-fruits of your harvest to the priest.

(11) And he shall wave the sheaf before YHWH, to be accepted for you; on the morning after the Shabbat the priest shall wave it.

(12) And in the day when you wave the sheaf, you shall offer a male lamb without blemish in the first year of its life for a burnt-offering to YHWH.

(13) And the meal-offering thereof shall be two tenth parts (of an ephah) of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire to YHWH for a soothing aroma and the drink-offering thereof shall be of wine, the fourth part of a hin (a hin=about 5 quarts).

(14) And you shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn, nor fresh ears, until you have brought the offering of your Elohiym; it is a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.

(15) And you shall count from the day after HaShabbat, from the day that you brought the sheaf of the waving; seven weeks shall complete the count;

(16) to the day after the seventh week you shall number fifty days; and you shall present a new meal-offering to YHWH.

(17) You shall bring out of your dwellings two wave-loaves of two tenth parts (of an ephah); they shall be of fine flour, they shall be baked with leaven, for first-fruits to YHWH.

(18) And you shall present with the bread seven lambs without blemish of the first year, and one young bullock, and two rams; they shall be a burnt-offering to YHWH, with their meal-offering, and their drink-offerings, even an offering made by fire, of a soothing aroma to YHWH.

(19) And you shall offer one male goat for a sin-offering and two male lambs of the first year for a sacrifice of peace-offerings.

(20) And the priest shall wave them with the bread of the first-fruits for a wave-offering before YHWH, with the two lambs; they shall be holy to YHWH for the priest.

(21) And you shall make proclamation on the same day; there shall be a holy convocation to you; you shall do no manner of servile work; it is a statute for ever in all your dwellings throughout your generations.

Shavuot, the Feast of the Weeks, is the Jewish holiday celebrating the harvest season in Israel . Shavuot, which means "weeks", refers to the timing of the festival which is held exactly 7 weeks after Pesakh.

Shavuot (Feast of Weeks/ Pentecost) is the Biblical harvest-festival celebrated 50 days after the Sunday which occurs during Pesakh. These fifty days are called the Counting of the Omer.

 

What Exactly is Shavuot?

Chag Ha-Shavuot, is the second of the three annual Chagiym [Pilgrimage-Festivals] in the Hebrew Calendar and is known in English as the Feast of Weeks or Pentecost. Shavuot is also referred to in the Torah as Chag HaKatzir (Feast of Harvest) [Ex 23,16] and Yom HaBikurim (Day of Firstfruits) [Nu 28,26]. 1

The farmers of Israel would begin their spring harvests with the barley crop at Pesakh. The harvest continued for seven weeks as the other crops and fruits began to ripen. We are told that as each fruit ripened, the first of each type would not be eaten but instead the farmer would tie a ribbon around the branch. This ribbon signified that these fruits were HaBikurim , the first fruits.

Further we are told that at Shavuot the farmers would gather HaBikurim into baskets and bring them to the city of Yerushalayim where they would be eaten in the holy city. The farmers living close to Yerushalayim would bring fresh fruits, while those who had to travel a long distance carried dried raisins and figs. This joyful occasion was celebrated with the music of fifes, timbres, and drums. As the pilgrims approached the city walls they were greeted by the inhabitants of the city. Sometimes the King himself would join the procession to the Temple Mount . This HaBikurim ritual, I am told  is no longer practiced in present day Israel .

 

This Holiday is known by several names: It is called Chag HaShavuoth, Festival of Weeks, concluding 7 weeks since Passover, and the Giving of Torah (Z'man Matan Torateinu) In Post-Biblical times Shavuot was believed to be the anniversary of the Revelation at Sinai, but there is no basis for this in the Tanakh), Festival of the First-Fruits (Chag HaBikurim), and Festival of the Harvest (Chag Hakazir).

And now…When is Shavuot?

Other Holidays in the Tanakh are given a fixed date but the Feast of Weeks is not given a fixed calendar date but instead we are commanded to celebrate it at the end of a 50-day period known as "The Counting of the Omer" (Shavuot being the 50th day). The commencement of this 50-day period begins when the Omer Offering was brought to the Temple . "And you shall count from the morrow after the Shabbat from the day you bring the Omer of Waving (called the ‘wave sheaf’); you shall count... seven complete Shabbats until the day of the seventh Shabbat you will count fifty days... and you shall proclaim (Shavuot) on this very day, it shall be a holy convocation for you " (This means the people were/are to gather together) (Vayikra (Lev) 23,15-16.21).

According to Nehemia Gordon, “In late Second Temple times a debate arose between the Boethusians and the Pharisees about whether the "morrow after the Sabbath" [Heb. Mimohorat Ha-Shabbat] refers to the Sunday during Hag HaMatzot [Feast of Unleavened Bread] or the second day of Hag HaMatzot (i.e. the 16th of Nissan). Like the Boethusians and Ancient Israelites before them, the Karaites count the 50 days of the Omer from the Sunday during Hag HaMatzot and consequentially always celebrate Shavuot on a Sunday. “

Why is the Feast of Shavuot [Weeks] Always on a Sunday?

by Hacham Mordecai Alfandari

Because the Torah commanded us to start the counting of the Omer "on the morrow after the Sabbath" and there is no "Sabbath" other than the Sabbath of Genesis [i.e. the 7th Day of the week]. Additionally, the Torah mentioned "Seven complete Sabbaths" and what Sabbath occurs seven times during seven weeks other than [the actual] Sabbath, the Seventh Day? The Rabbanites say that the morrow after the Sabbath is the morrow after the First Yom Tov [Holy Day on which work is forbidden] of Pessach, but they have no proof whatsoever from the Torah that a Yom Tov can be called "Sabbath".1

Note 1: Indeed, it is permissible to cook and have fire on a Yom Tov, both of which are strictly forbidden on a Sabbath! [NG]

A passage, which indicates that the first day of the Omer has to be the Sunday during Chag HaMatzot, is Yahoshua (Joshua) 5,11. This verse reports the events surrounding the end of the giving of the manna shortly after B’nei Yisrael's entrance into the land of Kena’an , "And they ate of the produce of the land on day after the Pesach [sacrifice], Matzot and parched [barley] on that very day. And the manna ceased on the day when they ate of the produce of the land...". Remember that B’nei Yisrael were forbidden to eat of the new crops until the Omer Offering was made as we read in Vayikra (Lev) 23,14 "And bread and parched [barley] and produce of the field you will not eat until the very day you bring the sacrifice of your Elohiym; it shall be a statute forever for your generations in all your habitations."

So it’s Shavuot..What now? What are we to do?

The festival originally marked the beginning of the wheat harvest. If you have ever driven down to Beersheba just after the end of the winter rains, the fields which used to be desert is green with wheat. It's easy to see why with the beginning of summer, the wheat must be harvested. This is the way it must have been in Biblical times.

Later, in rabbinic times, Shavuot became the anniversary of the giving of the Torah at Sinai.

In Israel it is customary to read the Book of Ruth in synagogues on Shavuot. This is because the events recorded in the Book of Ruth took place during harvest time. Traditionally, Ruth died on Shavuot.

According to the Book of Ruth, Ruth is the ancestor of King David. In some communities, it is the custom to recite the whole Book of Psalms on the second night of Shavuot because of the association of the holiday with King David.

It is customary to adorn the synagogue with plants and flowers on Shavuot. This is because according to tradition, in Biblical times Sinai was a green mountain with trees and other vegetation. It is a fact that the climate in this area of the world was somewhat different in Biblical times and rainfall was more plentiful than now. (For example, Ezekial speaks of the "forest lands of the Negev ). The area around Mount Sinai could certainly have been green at this time of year.

Now we have seen Shavuot from Torah as a Biblical Harvest Festival, as a Jewish holiday, what was done and when it was done and even a bit of why it was done.

What it was, when it was, how it was done, notice that all of these refer to ‘was’. We need to attempt to establish whether there are things we are to do today.

All I can see is that these things could not/cannot be done while we are in exile. We cannot go to the Temple , we cannot go to the Kohen HaGadol and we cannot wave the grain offering...on and on.

We can gather together, at least in cyberspace. We can praise our Creator and Provider. We can remember that He should be thanked for the provisions He has made and for those He will make.

Although it is not necessary and commanded, let’s read from the book of Ruth.

Ruwt (Ruth) 1:1-18

1        In the days when the judges ruled, there was a famine in the land, and a man from Bet-lechem in Yahudah, together with his wife and two sons, went to live for a while in the country of Moab .

2        The man's name was Eli-melekh (Elimelech), his wife's name No’omiy (Naomi), and the names of his two sons were Machlown (Mahlon) and Kilyown (Kilion). They were Ephra’atiym (Ephrathites) from Bet-lechem, Yahudah. And they went to Moab and lived there.

3        Now Eli-melekh Elimelech, No’omiy’s (Naomi's) husband, died, and she was left with her two sons.

4        They married Mow’abiyah (Moabite women), one named Orpah and the other Ruwt. After they had lived there about ten years,

5        both Machlown and Kilyown also died, and No’omiy was left without her two sons and her husband.

6        When she heard in Moab that YHWH had come to the aid of His people by providing food for them, No’omiy and her daughters-in-law prepared to return home from there.

7        With her two daughters-in-law she left the place where she had been living and set out on the road that would take them back to the land of Yahudah .

8        Then No’omiy said to her two daughters-in-law, "Go back, each of you, to your mother's home. May YHWH show kindness to you, as you have shown to your dead and to me.

9        May YHWH grant that each of you will find rest in the home of another husband." Then she kissed them and they wept aloud

10      and said to her, "We will go back with you to your people."

11      But No’omiy  said, "Return home, my daughters. Why would you come with me? Am I going to have any more sons, who could become your husbands?

12      Return home, my daughters; I am too old to have another husband. Even if I thought there was still hope for me-- even if I had a husband tonight and then gave birth to sons--

13      would you wait until they grew up? Would you remain unmarried for them? No, my daughters. It is more bitter for me than for you, because YHWH's hand has gone out against me!"

14      At this they wept again. Then Orpah kissed her mother-in-law good-by, but Ruwt clung to her.

15      "Look," said No’omiy , "your sister-in-law is going back to her people and her gods. Go back with her."

16      But Ruwt replied, "Don't urge me to leave you or to turn back from you. Where you go I will go, and where you stay I will stay. Your people will be my people and your Elohiym my Elohiym.

17      Where you die I will die, and there I will be buried. May YHWH deal with me, be it ever so severely, if anything but death separates you and me."

18      When No’omiy realized that Ruwt was determined to go with her, she stopped urging her.

We are told that this was Ruwt’s conversion and her joining herself to YHWH and His people.

Let us praise Him together tonight, that we as a mostly Gentile, by blood, group have been accepted to come together in worship of Him.

So let us simply give Him thanks.

 

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